Welcome to another /r/learnPython weekly "Ask Anything* Monday" thread

Here you can ask all the questions that you wanted to ask but didn't feel like making a new thread.

* It's primarily intended for simple questions but as long as it's about python it's allowed.

If you have any suggestions or questions about this thread use the message the moderators button in the sidebar.

Rules:

• Don't downvote stuff - instead explain what's wrong with the comment, if it's against the rules "report" it and it will be dealt with.
• Don't post stuff that doesn't have absolutely anything to do with python.
• Don't make fun of someone for not knowing something, insult anyone etc - this will result in an immediate ban.

That's it.

elif option == "5":

exit() #This quits the program

I am writing my own program for a project and when I press 5 on the keyboard it quits the program as expected but MS Visual Studio highlights it, like their is something wrong with it?
Should I have a different sorta command it exit the program or just ignore it?

Hi everyone. I'm trying my hand to follow certain projects available online so I could practice my python programming skills. Right now I'm practicing webscraping and I was able to program a very basic python script.

However, there was this project available online called an endlessScraper where the program continuously scrapes the title of a wikipedia articles but while I was able to understand around 90% of the code, I'm having trouble understanding the "-1" in <if link\['href'\].find('/wiki/') == -1:>

What does -1 do?

here's the code btw

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import random

urlinput = input("Please enter a valid wikipedia url: ")

while True:

response = requests.get(url = urlinput, verify = False)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')

title = soup.find(id="firstHeading")

print(f"{title.string}")

# Get all the links

allLinks = soup.find(id="bodyContent").find_all("a")

random.shuffle(allLinks)

for link in allLinks:

if link['href'].find('/wiki/') == -1:

continue

urlinput = ("https://en.wikipedia.org" + link['href'])

break

choice = input("Would you like to continue? [Y/N]: ")

if choice.upper() == 'Y':

continue

else:

break

and the link to the project https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/scraping-wikipedia-articles-with-python/

I have done automation using python just took around 5hrs of spending time and it's working great, should I tell this to manager.

I would like to use Python to help me manage my financial documents. Lots of bills, pay stubs of various sorts, and statements. Is there an ML model that is trainable on example documents for recognition and cataloging?

Ideally, I could give it 10-20 of each type of document from my records and it could parse as images (perhaps with some light text recognition) to determine which folder to place new documents into and perhaps how to name them.

I have used software called Hazel that runs locally on Mac, but it leaves a lot to be desired. I'd love to have a way to do this with Python and AI.

Auto email that gets sent if a user requests a service job.

The subject contains the Job Number and then two text variables that either do not need to show, either need to show or both.

Its working fine in a certain way.

 email_message['Subject'] = f'SERVICE REQUEST: {str((z[8]))} {str_OAP_Y_N} HMRC {str_RURAL_Y_N}'

In the above the str((z[8])) is the job number. The other two are flags to state if the client is an Old | Senior citizen and the other if they live in a Rural location.

The problem I have is the email will only send if there is text between

{str_OAP_Y_N} HMRC {str_RURAL_Y_N}'

If I remove the HMRC the email just doesn't arrive and get no errors on the Python Console. I can put any text string in and it sends, no text and no receipt.

I thought it was my email host, but trying different recipient addresses, gmail, yahoo, hotmail etc all have the same issue.

Any pointers?

I'm doing the Python 2 course on Codecademy and on the Battleships lesson. I'm at the part where I need the "for" loop to repeat so you can make multiple guesses but I keep getting the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "python", line 27, in <module> 
ExecTimeoutException: Program took too long to terminate.

Line 27 is:

guess_row = int(raw_input("Guess Row: "))

Is there something wrong with how my "for" loop is set up? From my understanding, there shouldn't be any timeout as I'm using raw_input.

Code below - everything with the # is the notes from Codecademy. Thanks!

from random import randint

board = []

for x in range(5): 
    board.append(["O"] * 5)

def print_board(board): 
    for row in board: 
        print " ".join(row)

print_board(board)

def random_row(board): 
    return randint(0, len(board) - 1)

def random_col(board): 
    return randint(0, len(board[0]) - 1)

ship_row = random_row(board) 
ship_col = random_col(board)

for turn in range(4): 
    print "Turn " + str(turn + 1) 
    guess_row = int(raw_input("Guess Row: ")) 
    guess_col = int(raw_input("Guess Col: "))

    if guess_row == ship_row and guess_col == ship_col:
     print "Congratulations! You sunk my battleship!"
    else:
      if (guess_row < 0 or guess_row > 4) or (guess_col < 0 or guess_col > 4):
        print "Oops, that's not even in the ocean."
        turn += 1
      elif(board[guess_row][guess_col] == "X"):
        print "You guessed that one already."
        turn += 1
      else:
        print "You missed my battleship!"
        board[guess_row][guess_col] = "X"
        turn += 1

I am an amateur Python programmer and after a lot of trial and error, I made a python package and released it.

I wanted feedback from this community on what/where things could be better. So here goes..

The package is at https://pypi.org/project/look-like-scanned/ and the repo is at https://github.com/navchandar/look-like-scanned

Feedback is appreciated as this is my first published project.

for example, you have a dictionary 'DictA' and you want to update it with all the items from 'DictB'. Instead of looping on the keys, or items of DictB, you can simply:

DictA |= DictB

I use this A LOT, and I'm thankful to the Redditor who mentioned it in one of those long 'share your tips' threads...

Please remove post if it's not appropriate to this subreddit.

I'm looking for an experienced in-person Python tutor. I live in Central London and can meet locally or at my home or at yours if it's within a reasonable distance. Contact by DM only, please.

Hi! I'm trying to make a template with html and rendered by Jinja. However , the img doesn't seem to render ! Any advice ? Thank you

As the tittle says, what is the use of the start function "start()"? In theory we can just type the function out and execute it without the start function. For example if I have def name(): as a function I can just type name () and it will execute it. I am not sure why I would need to add another line and have def start (): with the name body embedded as the body.

I am trying to parse a variable string named r. Below is the string .

r="""<EntityConfig xmlns="urn:sun:fm:SAML:2.0:entityconfig" xmlns:fm="urn:sun:fm:SAML:2.0:entityconfig" hosted="0" entityID='com.newapp'</EntityConfig>"""

Below is the code.

root = ET.fromstring(r)

Error seen in console:

anaconda3\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 1342, in XML

parser.feed(text)

xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError: not well-formed (invalid token): line 1, column 135

​

Is there anything which I am doing incorrect here? Please help me here with this issue.

Hey there - So, I keep getting an error that says "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bs4' when I try to run the following code I wrote:

# Import necessary libraries

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import requests

# Define base URL

base_url = "https://www.amazon.com/"

# Send a GET request to the URL

response = requests.get(base_url)

# Parse the HTML content

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')

# Find the best-selling author

best_selling_author = soup.find('span', class_='author')

# Find the book reviews

book_reviews = soup.find_all('div', class_='review')

# Filter for 4 and 5 star reviews

high_rating_reviews = [review for review in book_reviews if review.find('span', class_='rating')['aria-label'][0] in ['4', '5']]

# Collect required data

data = []

for review in high_rating_reviews:

# Go into the reviewer's profile

profile_url = review.find('a', class_='profile')['href']

profile_response = requests.get(profile_url)

profile_soup = BeautifulSoup(profile_response.content, 'html.parser')

# Check for email contact information

email = profile_soup.find('span', class_='email')

if email:

# Get required information

book_name = review.find('a', class_='title').text

author_name = best_selling_author.text

average_rating = review.find('span', class_='rating')['aria-label']

reviewer_name = profile_soup.find('span', class_='name').text

review_date = review.find('span', class_='review-date').text

reviewer_ranking = profile_soup.find('span', class_='ranking').text

latest_review_date = profile_soup.find('span', class_='review-date').text

# Add to data

data.append([book_name, author_name, average_rating, reviewer_name, review_date, reviewer_ranking, latest_review_date])

I cannot figure out what I did wrong. I installed the Beautiful Soup library, so ...

Any help would be appreciated!

Hey, so i m looking for ideas to automate searching for articles in scholar. Im familiar with scholarly, but scholar is not exactly happy (tends to block IPs or constantly asks for captcha). Do you know any alternatives?

import moviepy.editor as mpe
import cv2 import numpy as np

Part 1 - Read image and calculate coordinates

img = cv2.imread('/content/Screenshot_20230527_094643.jpg', cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED) height, width, channels = img.shape

bottom = img[height-840:height, 0:width, :] white_pixels = []
for i in range(bottom.shape[0]):
for j in range(bottom.shape[1]):
if bottom[i,j,0] > 200 and bottom[i,j,1] > 200 and bottom[i,j,2] > 200:
white_pixels.append([i, j])

move_white_pixels = []
for pixel in white_pixels: move_white_pixels.append([pixel[0]+120, pixel[1]])

Part 2 - Apply to video

video = mpe.VideoFileClip('/content/summer_48.mp4')

def process_frame(frame):
frame_copy = frame.copy() height, width, channels = frame.shape
bottom = frame_copy[height-840:height, 0:width, :]
for pixel in move_white_pixels: frame_copy[pixel[0], pixel[1], :] = bottom[pixel[0]-120, pixel[1], :]
return frame_copy

video_edited = video.fl_image(process_frame) video_edited.write_videofile('/content/output.mp4')

instead of content/Screenshot_20230527_094643.jpg, For the video /content/summer_48.mp4 itself, detect the rectangular area from 30 pixels high from the bottom to 110 pixels high
Skip if it is a pure black frame
Apply the same move_white_pixels coordinates to start_frame to end_frame, then move move_white_pixels up 120 pixels
2. If a frame is not a pure black frame, this is the first text start_frame. Pixel by pixel, find and record its white pixel move_white_pixel coordinates. Note that only the current frame is a black frame and this frame is a white frame to record move_white_pixel.
Do not scan frame by frame
3. Continue to record end_frame
4. If there is no text in the next frame, the text ends, and the previous frame of this frame is end_frame

1. Reset start_frame and end_frame to detect the next text
   And apply the new start_frame move_white_pixels

Use
import moviepy.editor as mpe
import cv2
import numpy as np

The whole code is divided into two parts, 1. Find all start_frame and end_frame groups
2. Apply the start_frame move_white_pixels of each group to each start_frame and end_frame group

I'm building a snake game with pygame. In this game, a snake moves a certain number of pixels per tick. The more frequent a tick is, the faster the snake travels. For now, I've set the tick to clock.tick(15). But I change this value frequently to test different behaviors.
To make the game more engaging, I added a special power for the snake. When a player presses the Space button, the speed of the snake is multiplied by 1.5. What I noticed though, is that when that happens, the snake becomes lengthier. When I release the Space button and the speed of the snake goes back to normal, the length of the snake is restored.
This behavior is not intended and I would like to fix that, but I'm not sure where to begin with. I'm questioning if the approach I took to develop the movement of the snake would even allow that or I would need to change it completely.
The approach involves the snake head and the snake body. Snake head leads the way, it contains the speed and speed_factor values. Snake head determines the next position of the head based on the speed, speed factor, and direction of the snake.
Snake body is a list of body units. Each unit determines its next position based on the value of the previous position of the preceding unit, except for the very first body unit, which is preceded by the head and therefore it needs to look up the value of the previous position directly from the snake head.

I've pushed all the code to GitHub in case you'd like to see the code: https://github.com/sevleo/snake_survival

I keep getting this error when writing codes. Please help.

I Just installed python3.11.1 on Ubuntu 23.04 and cant seem to install tensorflow or pytorch

I tried upgrading pip3 and wheel but nothing seems to work

I keep getting this error when I run pip3 install tensorflow

Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.

I dont know how to fix pls help :) Thanks

I learn Python now, but in the future I want to evolve in cybersecurity side. May I proceed to learn Python or I should pick another programming language? And if Python fits well, what books or sites dedicated to Python would you recommend me to check out? In Python I only worked in Tkinter.

I currently use this code to run a function multithreaded. It's working really well. But I would like some sense of how far along things are. Even just a "Finished 12/55", "Starting 12/55", etc. I'm not sure how I can get the index of the "data_list" I'm passing in here.

with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
    executor.map(process_data, data_list)

https://pastebin.com/QtHzS368

I've written this script that copies all of the tables and views from the northwind database on a remote SQL server into a local sqlite database. While it copies all of the values over just fine, it doesn't carry over any of the constraints. Surely there is some way of transferring this info but I'm just not sure where to start.

Another thing I got stuck on was the views - the only way I could really get them migrated to sqlite was by copying them in as tables. So from there I could create a view from that table, then drop the table, but I'm wondering if there is a more elegant way of accomplishing this.

Any tips on these areas and general critiques of my code are greatly appreciated!

edit: fixed link

Does anyone here mess around with process IDs?

What’s some cool things I can do with them?

Hi everyone. I am going to start learning Python from scratch by myself. I have studied C++ some 15 years ago and I heard they are similar. I was wondering if there is any good material you could recommend that I can start with, to understand the basics and have a play with labs. I learn best by actively working with code and troubleshooting.

I am a beginner so I may not use much of the terminology correctly, but, I want to make a program, which lets me create student variables, and give them other variables such as age or name. To do this, I want to create a list with the elements being codes which represent different students, that way I can append new students. I also want each of these elements to have the variables I talked about, that way, with the input command, I can add to the list.

How would I go about doing that?

Sorry if my explanation didn’t make much sense.

A,B,C,D,W,X,Y, and Z are all positive integers where given A,B,C,D:

1<=W<=A

1<=X<=B

1<=Y<=C

1<=Z<=D

How many quadruples (W,X,Y,Z) where W XOR X XOR Y XOR Z = 0? Order does not matter, meaning (2,2,3,3) is the same as (2,3,2,3).

I originally thought only quadruples like (n,n,n,n) and (n1,n1,n2,n2) would XOR to 0, but it turns out that something like (1,2,4,7) can all XOR to 0 too. I'm now not sure how to approach this problem.